Congress Hyderabad

Indian National Congress :- (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. Founded in 1885 by Womesh Chandra Bonerjee, Surendranath Banerjee, Monomohun Ghose, Allan Octavian Hume, William Wedderburn, Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha, the Indian National Congress became the leader of the Indian Independence Movement, with over 15 million members and over 70 million participants in its struggle against British rule in India. After independence in 1947, it became the nation's dominant political party, challenged for leadership only in more recent decades. In the 14th Lok Sabha (2004-2009), 145 members (out of 545), the largest contingent amongst all parties, serve in the house. The party is currently the chief member of the ruling United Progressive Alliance coalition. It is the only party to get more than 100 million votes in the past two general elections (1999, 2004). In its time as the nation's leader in the freedom struggle, it produced the nation's greatest leaders. Before the Gandhi Era came leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Mohammed Ali Jinnah (later leader of the Muslim League and instrumental in the creation of Pakistan), all starting with the first legendary icon of Indians: Dadabhai Naoroji, the president of the sister Indian National Association and later the first Indian Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons. The Congress was transformed into a mass movement by Surendranath Banerjea and Sir Henry Cotton during the partition of Bengal in 1905 and the resultant Swadesi Movement. Gandhi came back from South Africa in 1915 and with the help of the pro-British group led by Ghokhale he through an extraordinary coup became the President of The Congress without any election and formed an alliance with the Khilafat Movement. In protest a number of leaders went out of Congress. Khilafat movement ended up in a disaster and The Congress was split. A number of leaders Chittaranjan Das, Annie Besant, Motilal Nehru, went out of The Congress to set up the Swaraj Party. With the rise of Mahatma Gandhi's popularity and his Satyagraha art of revolution came Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (the nation's first Prime Minister), Dr. Rajendra Prasad (the nation's first President), Khan Mohammad Abbas Khan, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Chakravarti Rajgopalachari, Jivatram Kripalani and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. With the already existing nationalistic feeling combined with Gandhi's popularity the Congress became a forceful mass organization in the country, bringing together millions of people by specifically working against caste differences, untouchability, poverty, and religious and ethnic boundaries. Although predominantly Hindu, it had members from virtually every religion, ethnic group, economic class and linguistic group. In 1939, Subhas Chandra Bose, the elected president in both 1938 and 1939 was expelled from the Congress for his socialist views and The Congress was reduced to a pro-Business group financed by the business houses of Birla and Bajaj. At the time of the Quit India movement, the Congress was undoubtedly the strongest political and revolutionary organization in India, but the Congress disassociated itself from the Quit India movement within a few days. The Indian National Congress could not claim to be the true representative of the Indian people as other parties were there as well particularly the Hindu Mahasabha, Azad Hind Sarkar, Forward Bloc. The 1929 Lahore session under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru holds special significance as in this session "Poorna Swaraj" (complete independence) was declared as the goal of INC. The 26th January 1930 was declared as "Poorna Swaraj Diwas," Independence Day although the British remained in India a number of years longer. It was to commemorate this date particularly that The Indian Constitution was formally adopted on 26 January 1950 (even though it was passed on 26 November 1949).However in 1929 Srinivas Iyenger was expelled from the Congress for demanding full independence, not just home rule as demanded by Gandhi. After the First World War the party became associated with Mahatma Gandhi, who remained its unofficial, spiritual leader and mass icon even as younger men and women became party president. The party was in many ways an umbrella organization, sheltering within itself radical socialists, traditionalists and even Hindu and Muslim conservatives, but all the socialists (including the Congress Socialist Party, Krishak Praja Party, Swarajya Party members) were expelled along with Subhas Chandra Bose in 1939 by Gandhi. During the INA trials of 1946, the Congress helped to form the INA Defence Committee, which forcefully defended the case of the soldiers of the Azad Hind government. The committee declared the formation of the Congress' defence team for the INA and included famous lawyers of the time, including Bhulabhai Desai, Asaf Ali, and Jawaharlal Nehru. Members of the Congress initially supported the sailors who led the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny. However they withdrew support at the critical juncture, when the mutiny failed. Indian Prime Ministers from the Congress Party Jawaharlal Nehru (1947 - 1964) Gulzarilal Nanda (May - June1964, January 1966) Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964 - 1966) Indira Gandhi (1966 - 1977, 1980 - 1984) Rajiv Gandhi (1984 - 1989) P.V. Narasimha Rao (1991 - 1996) Manmohan Singh (2004 - present) List of Congress Chief Ministers Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy - Andhra Pradesh Dorjee Khandu - Arunachal Pradesh Tarun Gogoi - Assam Sheila Dikshit - Delhi Digambar Kamat - Goa Bhupinder Singh Hooda - Haryana Vilasrao Deshmukh - Maharashtra Okram Ibobi Singh - Manipur N. Rangaswamy - Pondicherry Reddy-was originally a title used by village chiefs in ancient Telugu society. The exact origin of this title is not known, however, many social sections seem to have adopted this title in due course of the history. Some of the Reddys have become wealthy and influential in the political and social milieu of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Reddys regard Andhra Pradesh as their homeland and Telugu as their mother tongue,[1]. Many Reddys migrated to Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and have formed distinct communities in the lands of their adoption to know more about Reddy's Though it has been disputed by some the Reddy caste is of sudhra origin and they have ruled small kingdoms during the Reddy dynasty. Reddys constitute about 6.8%[Ref-below] of the population of Andhra Pradesh. Significant numbers are present in the states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. The 19th century writer Edgar Thurston in his Castes and Tribes of Southern India stated that Reddys were the village chiefs. The village chiefs were given the title 'Reddy. The census carried out during the British period in the Madras Presidency listed Reddy and Kapu together. People belonging to other agrarian communities such as Telaga, Balija, Kamma, Velama and Yadava also use 'Reddy' title in their names, if not frequently. This indicates the common origin of all agrarian castes in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Recent genetic studies support the belief that all the agrarian castes shared the similar ethnic origins as also all south Indian castes[citation needed]. There are various theories regarding the origin of the term 'Reddy': Some linguists surmised the word 'Reddy' originated from the medieval term Rattodu, which is derived from Rashtrakutudu. The usage of the word Reddy was first seen in the inscriptions made during the Renati Chola times (7th century CE) ). Another theory relates the Reddies to the Rathis, who ruled over small principalities in the Deccan plateau before 200 BCE and before the Satavahanas and Mauryas. The Rathis left coins in northern Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool district, and near Pune. The coins are found in the levels between the megalithic and Satavahana levels in excavations. The founder of the Reddy kingdom in the 13th century, Prolaya Vema Reddy described himself belonging to Panta Vamsa

The history of the Indian National Congress falls into two distinct eras: The pre-independence era, when the party was at the forefront of the struggle for independence; The post-independence era, when the party has enjoyed a prominent place in Indian politics, ruling the country for 48 of the 60 years since independence in 1947. In the pre-independence era, the congress was divided in two groups, moderate and activist. The moderates were more educated and wanted to win people's faith to rule over the country and enjoy the power which British was enjoying and eventually they achieved what they were looking for.